Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 1 Study Guide Essay

Anatomy the study of the discrepancy or structure and arrangement of ashes split and their relationshipsPhysiology the study of the functions of the ashes move or structures and their relationships in maintaininglife processes.Levels of geomorphological OrganizationThe human clay lie shovel ins of take aims of morphological physical composition that argon associated with one another. in that location are six levels of structural pipe organizationI. chemical substance level It is the simplest level and it includes alone of the chemical substances essendial for maintaining life. These substances are make up of atoms.An atom is thesmallest building block of matter. thing is anything that takes up space and has mass.Atoms combine to form molecules, which may be simple orcomplex. Different types of molecules combine to form oranelles (little organs). Organelles are circumstantial structures that carry out specific functions.2. cellular level The cell is the basic uni t of structureand function and of life. Cells vary in size, shape, and function and may contain many an(prenominal) types of organelles.3. wind level Tissues are groups of identical cells that practise a specific function.thither are four major types of tissues in the human framea.epithelial tissue It is prove lining bodycavities and covers the clear of the body.It functions inprotection, secretion, and excretion.b. connective tissue It is found on the come out of the closets ofand in organs and tissues and functions in protection, support, and attaching organs and tissues to each other and to the walls of body cavities.c. go across tissue It functions in the heading ofbody parts and organs, and in the performance of substancesthroughout the body.There are trinity major types of muscle tissue(1) nasal muscle It is found attached to and lotion bones and it functions in bodymovement.(2)cardiac muscle It is dictated in the sumwall and functions in the contraction and peace of the heart as it beats.(3)smooth muscle It is located in the walls ofinternal or visceral organs and it functionsin woful substances throughout the body.d.nervous tissueIt is located in the thinker andspinal cord, and extends to various tissues and organs.Itfunctions in transmitting electrical or nerve impulses from the external and internal environments to the brain and spinal cord where it is interpreted and a solvent occurs.4. organ level variety meat are groups of two or to a greater extent types oftissue bunking in concert to perform a specific function.5. organ schema level sTstems are groups of organsthat work closely together to perform a common function.There are xi organ ashess in the human bodyaog.h.i.j.k.integumentary schemamuscular formskeletal musical arrangementnervous schemeendocrine systemcardiovascular systemlymphatic systemrespiratory systemdigestive systemurinary systemreproductive system6. organismal level It is the highest level of s tructuralorganization and it consists of groups of organ systems working together to maintain body structure and function. Organ systems work together to maintain an internal environment that is middling constant, stable, or balanced. This is referred to as homeostasis (to stay the corresponding). Changes do occur, but within genuinely narrow ranges or limits.HomeostasisBody parts or structures function efficiently in maintaining metabolous processes and when the survival needs are within certain limits or optimum levels.The survival needs includewater,oxyqen, nutrients, an permit bod temperature, and atmospheric pressure. Water is inevitable for chemical reactions, excretion, and secretion.Oxyqen is required for many of the metabolicreactions that break down nutrients and come through energy. Nutrients provide energy for cells and cell processes. Bod temperature must be maintained within a certain range for chemical reactions and cell processes to perform efficiently.If the body temperature falls to a fault low or increases too high, chemical reactions will slow down or may stop. Atmospheric pressure is the thrust of air on the body surface by the weight of air. It is important in breathing and in the exchange of group O and carbon dioxide in the lungs. To maintain homeostasis thither are turn back mechanisms. Control mechanisms consist of three partsi. receptor It responds to stunning stimulifrom theinternal and external environments. The information is move along afferent pathways to the control center.2. control center It consists of the brain and spinal cord which interpret and analyze the information and see to it an appropriate response.Information is then sent along efferentpathways to the effector.3. effector It consists of tissues, organs, or glands that perform a motor response to the original stimulus that was received by the receptor. The response involves a feedback mechanism. If the response slows down or inhibit the stimulus it is a neqative feedback mechanism. If the response speeds up or enhances the stimulus, it is a positive feedback mechanism.Most controlmechanisms for homeostasis in the human body are disconfirming feedback mechanisms.